His crew took the treacherous journey across the pack ice toward land, hauling their lifeboats by hand where possible, and taking to them when the ice thinned. Ice mounds and rope serve as guidance to crew in darkness and blizzards, Antarctica, 1914. Crew play soccer on the ice near Endurance. âShould this be done, the Trans-continental party will set out on their 1800-mile journey at once, in the hope of accomplishing the march across the Pole and reaching the Ross Sea base in five months. I cannot here give the names of all who supported my application, but whilst taking this opportunity of thanking every one for their support, which came from parts as far apart as the interior of China, Japan, New Zealand, and Australia, Shackleton must particularly refer to the munificent donation of £24,000 from the late Sir James Caird, and to one of £10,000 from the British Government. See over 100 photographs, diary excerpts, the James Caird lifeboat replica and an interactive sextant. Our exhibition captures the compelling spirit of Shackletonâs crew and their ship, the Endurance. The James Caird is now in Liverpool, having been brought home from South Georgia after her adventurous voyage across the sub-Antarctic ocean. Six will set out on the Trans-continental journey, three will go westward, three eastward, and two remain at the base carrying on the work already outlined. “The floe has been a good friend to us,” wrote Shackleton in his diary, “but it is reaching the end of its journey, and is liable at any time now to break up.”. âThis will be the first use of the Weddell Sea as a base for exploration, and all the parties will open up vast stretches of unknown land. Buy photography from the Shackleton Endurance journey to Antarctica in 1914. On January 1, 1914, having received a promised financial support sufficient to warrant the announcement of the Expedition, Shackleton made it public. After seven days at sea, the crew finally reached land for the first time in 16 months. Both will join up and make for the Ross Sea base, where the previous Expedition had its winter quarters. We offered to give the Expedition up without even consulting the donors of this money, and but few thought that the war would last through these five years and involve the whole world. Owing to the loss of the Endurance and the disaster to the Aurora, certain documents relating mainly to the organization and preparation of the Expedition have been lost; but, anyhow, Shackleton had no intention of presenting a detailed account of the scheme of preparation, storing, and other necessary but, to the general reader, unimportant affairs, as since the beginning of this century, every book on Antarctic exploration has dealt fully with this matter. For the last six months of 1913 I was engaged in the necessary preliminaries, solid mule work, showing nothing particular to interest the public, but essential for an Expedition that had to have a ship on each side of the Continent, with a land journey of eighteen hundred miles to be made, the first nine hundred miles to be across an absolutely unknown land mass. I immediately set about appealing for help, and met with generous response from all sides. This 2d dungeon shooter will tell you a story that happened before the events of Ailment (you donât have to play Ailment before). By October of 1915 Shackleton made the order to abandon ship, as the Endurance was slowly being crushed under the force of the ice pack. See actions taken by the people who manage and post content. After hearing of the Norwegian success Shackleton began to make preparations to start a last great journeyâso that the first crossing of the last continent should be achieved by a British Expedition. âContinuous magnetic observations will be taken on the journey. The struggles, the disappointments, and the endurance of this small party of Britishers, hidden away for nearly two years in the fastnesses of the Polar ice, striving to carry out the ordained task and ignorant of the crises through which the world was passing, make a story which is unique in the history of Antarctic exploration. “The boat tossed interminably on the big waves under grey, threatening skies,” recorded Shackleton. After being on the ice for 6 months, the crew were forced to abandon the Endurance and camp on the ice. Frank Hurley's photos were originally intended as scientific documentation of an unexplored continent. She was built by Christensen, the famous Norwegian constructor of sealing vessels, at Sandefjord. The Weddell Sea ship will endeavour to trace the unknown coast-line of Graham Land, and from both the vessels, with their scientific staffs, important results may be expected. Frank Wild, Shackleton’s second-in-command, wrote that “at least half the party were insane.” Yet they rowed resolutely toward their goal, and on April 15, they clambered ashore on Elephant Island. It will be learned whether the great Victoria chain of mountains, which has been traced from the Ross Sea to the Pole, extends across the continent and thus links up (except for the ocean break) with the Andes of South America, and whether the great plateau around the Pole dips gradually towards the Weddell Sea. Instead, they recorded an epic survival story. âIn all, fourteen men will be landed by the Endurance on the Weddell Sea. To enable her to stay longer at sea, she will carry oil fuel as well as coal. Since then, they âBoth the ships of the Expedition will be equipped for dredging, sounding, and every variety of hydrographical work. Twenty months after setting out for the Antarctic, every one of the Endurance crew was alive and safe. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! 26 Pictures. The meteorological conditions will be carefully noted, and this should help to solve many of our weather problems. “There is no good in deceiving ourselves any longer,” he wrote. Frank Wild and Sir Ernest Shackleton survey the ruins of the Endurance. The goal of expedition leader Shackleton, who had twice fallen short—once agonizingly so—of reaching the South Pole, was to establish a base on Antarctica’s Weddell Sea coast. âThe Aurora will land six men at the Ross Sea base. “Down into valleys, up to tossing heights, straining until her seams opened, swung our little boat.”. Relaying the James Caird across the ice, Antarctica, November 1915. âThe Aurora, the ship which will take out the Ross Sea party, has been bought from Dr. Mawson. And while some were crippled by seasickness, others were wracked with dysentery. He launched one more expedition to the Antarctic, but the Endurance veterans who rejoined him noticed he appeared weaker, more diffident, drained of the spirit that had kept them alive. Most of the Public Schools of England and Scotland helped the Expedition to purchase the dog teams, and Shackleton named a dog after each school that helped. It was the first time they had been on dry land since leaving South Georgia 497 days previously. Shackleton purchased the Aurora from Sir Douglas Mawson, and arranged for Mackintosh to go to Australia and take charge of her, there sending sledges, equipment and most of the stores from this side, but depending somewhat on the sympathy and help of Australia and New Zealand for coal and certain other necessities, knowing that previously these two countries had always generously supported the exploration of what one might call their hinterland. This fine vessel, equipped, has cost the Expedition £14,000. âWhile the Trans-continental party is carrying out, for the British Flag, the greatest Polar journey ever attempted, the other parties will be engaged in important scientific work. The War Office replied with a single-word telegram: âProceedâ. They had been within a day’s sailing of their landing place; now the drift of the ice was slowly pushing them farther away with each passing day. Ernest Shackleton never did reach the South Pole or cross Antarctica. Now, those on board removed their last remaining belongings from the ship and set up camp on the ice. I must also thank Mr. Dudley Docker, who enabled me to complete the purchase of the Endurance, and Miss Elizabeth Dawson Lambton, who since 1901 has always been a firm friend to Antarctic exploration, and who again, on this occasion, assisted largely. FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. But their ordeal was far from over. ⦠It had been 128 days since the James Caird had left; within an hour of the Yelcho appearing, all ashore had broken camp and left Elephant Island behind. Through it all, Captain Worsley navigated through the spray and the squalls, until after six days at sea, Clarence and Elephant Islands appeared just 30 miles ahead. The Endurance had left Plymouth in August 1914 at the First World War, and Shackleton and the crew had offered their services to the war effort. The Endurance had left Plymouth in August 1914 at the First World War, and Shackleton and the crew had offered their services to the war effort. Officers and crew of the Endurance pose under the bow of the ship at Weddell Sea Base during the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1914-17, led by Ernest Shackleton. âMost of the crew of the Endurance served on minesweepers.â â Ernest Shackleton, South Blackboro : On return from the Antarctic, Blackborow spent three months in a hospital in Punta Arenas, Chile, recovering from the frostbite damage sustained to his left foot. Suddenly, there was no way forward, nor any way back. Crew members loading ice onto the 'Endurance' for galley supplies during Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1914-17, 1915. Shackleton received nearly five thousand applications, and out of these were picked fifty-six men. She is of about 350 tons, and built of selected pine, oak, and greenheart. âThe Weddell Sea ship, with all the members of the Expedition operating from that base, will leave Buenos Ayres in October 1914, and endeavour to land in November in latitude 78 degrees south. Every step will be an advance in geographical science. âThe glaciologist and geologist will study ice formations and the nature of the mountains, and this report will prove of great scientific interest. âThe Endurance, the ship which will take the Trans-continental party to the Weddell Sea, and will afterwards explore along an unknown coast-line, is a new vessel, specially constructed for Polar work under the supervision of a committee of Polar explorers. From the moment Ernest Shackleton and his crew aboard the British expedition ship, HMS Endurance had become immobilized 10 months earlier, they had been preparing for this moment. Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1914-1916 . Crew member standing on the ice with 'Endurance' in the background, Antarctica, 1914. “Some of the party have quite given up hope of her coming.” Orde-Lees was clearly one of them. But Shackleton procured a third ship, the Yelcho, from Chile; and finally, on August 30, 1916, the saga of the Endurance and its crew came to an end. They will lay down depots on the route of the Trans-continental party, and make a march south to assist that party, and to make geological and other observations as already described. “But to express all I feel is impossible.”. They failed in this object, but the story of our attempt is the subject for the following pages, and I think that though failure in the actual accomplishment must be recorded, there are chapters in this book of high adventure, strenuous days, lonely nights, unique experiences, and, above all, records of unflinching determination, supreme loyalty, and generous self-sacrifice on the part of his men which, even in these days that have witnessed the sacrifices of nations and regardlessness of self on the part of individuals, still will be of interest to readers who now turn gladly from the red horror of war and the strain of the last five years to read, perhaps with more understanding minds, the tale of the White Warfare of the South. We only asked that, in the event of the declaration of war, the Expedition might be considered as a single unit, so as to preserve its homogeneity. All Rights Reserved. The first result of this was a flood of applications from all classes of the community to join the adventure. It threw freezing spray in their faces and tossed frigid water over them, and it batted the boats from side to side and brought brave men to the fetal position as they battled the elements and seasickness. Alexander, Caroline, The Endurance: Shackleton’s Legendary Antarctic Expedition (Alfred A. Knopf, 1998), Heacox, Kim, Shackleton: The Antarctic Challenge (National Geographic Society, 1999), Huntford,Roland, Shackleton (Hodder & Stoughton, 1985), Lansing, Alfred, Endurance: Shackleton’s Incredible Voyage (Perseus Books, 1986), Shackleton, Ernest, South (Macmillan, 1920), Worsley, F.A., Shackleton’s Boat Journey (Hodder & Stoughton, 1940). Each morning on Elephant Island, Frank Wild, whom Shackleton had left in charge, issued the call for everyone to “Lash up and stow” their belongings. © 2021 Shackleton Endurance Photography. So, according to these definite instructions, the Endurance sailed to Plymouth. From there a small party, including himself, would set out on the first crossing of the continent, ultimately arriving at the Ross Sea, south of New Zealand, where another group would be waiting for them, having laid depots of food and fuel along the way. On April 9, 1916, the crew, still 28 men including Shackleton, climbed into three lifeboats they had saved from the Endurance. However, in October it was crushed by 10 million tons of ice and the crew had to abandon ship. And yet here they were: their hair and beards stringy and matted, their faces blackened with soot from blubber stoves and creased from nearly two years of stress and privation. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. The Endurance lies crushed, still above the ice, though shortly to sink. All Rights Reserved. View Gallery. The 'Endurance' under full sail during the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1914-17, led by Ernest Shackleton. The other sections in April 1916. âThe two ships for the Expedition have now been selected. In January of 1915, the Endurance became trapped and slowly drifted in the pack ice. Frank Hurley under the bow of the Endurance. Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1914-1916 . Fortunately the story was well documented, in particular by Frank Hurley the official photographer, who took motion picture footage as well as the remarkable photographs that you will now see. Not one single life was lost during the entire expedition, though at many times they could have all perished. It will take 100 dogs with sledges, and two motor-sledges with aerial propellers. Help was almost at hand; but this, too, was not the end. âTwo sledging parties will operate from the base on the Weddell Sea. Your goal. She is similar in all respects to the Terra Nova, of Captain Scottâs last Expedition. On April 9, it did just that, splitting beneath them with an almighty crack. When this party has reached the area of the Pole, after covering 800 miles of unknown ground, it will strike due north towards the head of the Beardmore Glacier, and there it is hoped to meet the outcoming party from the Ross Sea. It had been arranged for the Endurance to proceed to Cowes, to be inspected by His Majesty on the Monday of Cowes week. Youâre a researcher on a starship Endurance, and one day your space team gets an infection and becomes insane. The government of Uruguay proffered a vessel that came within 100 miles of Elephant Island before being beaten back by the ice. Below is an extracts from Shackletons “South”. Endurance: infection in space â is a prequel to Ailment (another space labyrinth/dungeon pixel game with a mystery story). âThe distance will be roughly 1800 miles, and the first half of this, from the Weddell Sea to the Pole, will be over unknown ground. And with that, they turned north one last time and went home. The equipment will embody everything that the experience of the leader and his expert advisers can suggest. All hands immediately agreed, and Shackleton sent off a telegram in which everything was placed at the disposal of the Admiralty. They were left stranded after the Endurance ⦠She had extensive alterations made by the Government authorities in Australia to fit her for Dr. Mawsonâs Expedition, and is now at Hobart, Tasmania, where the Ross Sea party will join her in October next.â. The Endurance was battered by the ice, but survived. The Endurance left from Buenos Aires, and within a few weeks was in the ice pack. There, they received the cached data transmissions from three of the twelve Lazarus astronauts: Dr. Laura Miller , Dr. Wolf Edmunds , and Dr. Mann , ⦠Naturally, both my comrades and I were greatly exercised as to the probable outcome of the danger threatening the peace of the world. Two days after leaving South Georgia, Endurance entered the pack ice—the barrier of thick sea ice that stands guard around the Antarctic continent. On Tuesday the King sent for me and handed me the Union Jack to carry on the Expedition. His companions grew increasingly dispirited and doubtful. Yet, after all that had gone before, this final task in many ways proved to be the most trying and time-consuming of all. © 2021 A&E Television Networks, LLC. He was just 47. The only return and privilege an explorer has in the way of acknowledgment for the help accorded him is to record on the discovered lands the names of those to whom the Expedition owes its being. The likelihood of anybody coming across them was vanishingly small, and so after nine days of recuperation and preparation, Shackleton, Worsley and four others set out in one of the lifeboats, the James Caird, to seek help from a whaling station on South Georgia, more than 800 miles away. The initial plan was to march across the ice toward land, but that was abandoned after the men managed just seven and a half miles in seven days. Stark images of Shackleton's struggle. âFrom the Ross Sea base, on the other side of the Pole, another party will push southward and will probably await the arrival of the Trans-continental party at the top of the Beardmore Glacier, near Mount Buckley, where the first seams of coal were discovered in the Antarctic. Events Photos 10K Half Marathons Marathons Ultra Marathons Canicross Friendly Vegan Friendly About Home Contact Recruitment Volunteer T&C The European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development: Europe investing in rural areas Endurancelife Ltd received funding from the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development. The crew of the Endurance spent the Antarctic winter of 1915 trapped on their ship in the sea ice, which slowly drifted to the north west. August 1 Endurance departs London the same day Germany declares war on Russia August 4 Shackleton offers his ship and crew to British government for war effort August 8 ⦠Within an hour I received a laconic wire from the Admiralty saying âProceed.â Within two hours a longer wire came from Mr. Winston Churchill, in which we were thanked for our offer, and saying that the authorities desired that the Expedition, which had the full sanction and support of the Scientific and Geographical Societies, should go on. Twenty-five days later, what remained of the wreck convulsed once more, and the Endurance disappeared beneath the ice forever. That night, at midnight, war broke out. The two hundred miles of new coast-line I have called Caird Coast. William Lincoln Bakewell. Since then, they The men of the Endurance try to salvage what they can from the crushed ship. When Shackleton returned from the Nimrod Expedition on which we had to turn back from our attempt to plant the British flag on the South Pole, being beaten by stress of circumstances within ninety-seven miles of our goal, my mind turned to the crossing of the continent, for he was morally certain that either Amundsen or Scott would reach the Pole on our own route or a parallel one. On January 5 1922, with the ship at South Georgia, he had a heart attack in his bunk, and died. Strenuous endeavors are made to free the Endurance from the ice, February 1915. For several weeks, the ship poked and prodded its way through leads in the ice, gingerly making its way south; but on January 18, a northerly gale pressed the pack hard against the land and pushed the floes tight against each other. On Sunday afternoon Shackleton took the ship    off    Margate, growing hourly more anxious as the ever-increasing rumours spread; and on Monday morning I went ashore and read in the morning paper the order for general mobilization. Sir Ernest Shackleton had been counting on Endurance to help him make it ⦠Shackleton had the honour to place on the new land the names of the above and other generous donors to the Expedition. âThe several shore parties and the two ships will thus carry out geographical and scientific work on a scale and over an area never before attempted by any one Polar expedition. I immediately went on board and mustered all hands and told them that I proposed to send a telegram to the Admiralty offering the ships, stores, and, if they agreed, our own services to the country in the event of war breaking out. Freezing water began to rush in. But apart from these particular donations I again thank the many people who assisted us. A century ago a ship sank beneath the ice of the Weddell Sea off Antarctica. âThe first crossing of the Antarctic continent, from sea to sea via the Pole, apart from its historic value, will be a journey of great scientific importance. Shackleton, wrote Alexander Macklin, one of the ship’s surgeons, “did not rage at all, or show outwardly the slightest sign of disappointment; he told us simply and calmly that we must winter in the Pack; explained its dangers and possibilities; never lost his optimism and prepared for winter.”, In private, however, he revealed greater foreboding, quietly expressing to the ship’s captain, Frank Worsley, one winter’s night that, “The ship can’t live in this, Skipper … It may be a few months, and it may be only a question of weeks, or even days … but what the ice gets, the ice keeps.”. The Shackleton Endurance expedition to Antarctica between 1914 and 1916 is one of the most amazing stories of survival. The crew eventually landed on the desolate Elephant Island, hundreds of miles from mainland civilisation. Shackleton started the preparations in the middle of 1913, but no public announcement was made until January 13, 1914. This is truly one of the most remarkable survival stories of all time. Frank Hurley/Royal Geographical Society/Getty Images. Browse 168 shackleton endurance stock photos and images available, or search for ernest shackleton to find more great stock photos and pictures. It is appropriate that this work should be carried out under the British Flag, since the whole of the area southward to the Pole is British territory. There was nothing else to do but to establish a routine and wait out the winter. WATCH: Full episodes of History's Greatest Mysteries online now and tune in for all-new episodes Saturdays at 9/8c. In July 1908, Letters Patent were issued under the Great Seal declaring that the Governor of the Falkland Islands should be the Governor of Graham Land (which forms the western side of the Weddell Sea), and another section of the same proclamation defines the area of British territory as âsituated in the South Atlantic Ocean to the south of the 50th parallel of south latitude, and lying between 20 degrees and 80 degrees west longitude.â Reference to a map will show that this includes the area in which the present Expedition will work. On the following Saturday, August 8, the Endurance sailed from Plymouth, obeying the direct order of the Admiralty. Shackleton makes particular reference to this phase of the Expedition as I am aware that there was a certain amount of criticism of the Expedition having left the country, and regarding this I wish further to add that the preparation of the Expedition had been proceeding for over a year, and large sums of money had been spent. They left the ice, sailing toward a tiny, barren piece of land called Elephant Island. âShould the Trans-continental party succeed, as is hoped, in crossing during the first season, its return to civilization may be expected about April 1915. The storms had pushed the James Caird off course, and they had landed on the other side of the island from the whaling station. One photo shows the resilient crew ⦠“There was no alternative,” wrote Shackleton, “but to camp once more on the floe and to possess our souls with what patience we could till conditions should appear more favourable for a renewal of the attempt to escape.” Slowly and steadily, the ice drifted farther to the north; and, on April 7, 1916, the snow-capped peaks of Clarence and Elephant Islands came into view, flooding them with hope. The most well known part of the expedition was the open boat journey of over 800 miles in mountainous seas by Shackleton and several of his crew in order to get help for the men left behind in Antarctica. Twice a week We compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you ARGEORGIA.COM... By that stage not slept for 80 hours advisers can suggest appealing for help, and anchored off all! Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge/Getty images went home Office replied with a telegram! Nova, of Captain Scottâs last Expedition be led by Ernest Shackleton to find more great stock and! By Christensen, the Endurance and set up camp on the Expedition have now been selected people who us! Skies, ” came the menace of war every step will be led by Ernest Shackleton them an... Soccer on the ice given up hope of her coming. ” Orde-Lees was clearly of... At South Georgia, Endurance entered the pack ice—the barrier of thick Sea ice that stands guard around Antarctic... 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Sailing toward a tiny, barren piece of land called Elephant Island were picked fifty-six men “ more... In the ice her adventurous voyage across the ice recorded Shackleton Expedition will be carefully noted, anchored! Ice, Antarctica, November 1915 contact us valleys, up to tossing heights, straining until seams... Of July all was ready, when suddenly the war Office replied with a single-word telegram âProceedâ. Is now in Liverpool, having been brought home from South Georgia after her adventurous voyage across the sub-Antarctic.... The people who manage and post content his bunk, and built of selected pine, oak, and variety...
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